The bulletproof shield is made of super-strength polyethylene material or Kevlar / Aramid and high-strength flame-retardant glass fiber reinforced plastic by a special process or Ceramic Tiles. The products have outstanding characteristics such as lightness and flexibility, good comprehensive anti-ballistic performance, and high-level anti-ballistic properties, and they have been widely equipped nationwide. It has passed the inspection and finalization of the International Standard Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Center. It has multiple functions such as bulletproof, no ricochets, no bulletproof blind spots, and can eliminate non-penetrating damage. Size: 30-80 x 35-120 cm Weight: depends size and level Level: NIJ 0101.06 / 0108.01 IIIA, III, IV

Description Bulletproof vest and multicurved single-proof III grade alumina bulletproof plate Bulletproof vests, also called bullet proof vests, ballistic vests, bulletproof vests, bulletproof suits, etc., are personal protective equipment used to protect the human body from damage caused by bullets or shrapnel. As an enhanced product for individual protective equipment, bullet-proof inserts are usually used in conjunction with body armor. The test methods for the protection level of bullet-proof inserts include two types of tests with clothes and single-proof tests. After the bulletproof inserts and the body armor are set together, the protection test work is carried out. Single-proof refers to the direct protection test work on the bulletproof inserts, and the two usually need to be evaluated by two test levels of level III and level IV. In the past, body armor that could reach Class III was very heavy, which caused the user to be awkward in action. Modern bulletproof technology has made great progress, especially after mass production of light-weight and high-level bulletproof inserts, it has become more and more common in single standard equipment. In order to achieve the purpose of light weight, the existing bulletproof vests use pure PE (Polyethylene) material to be pressed into PE material bulletproof inserts. However, the cost of pure PE bulletproof inserts is relatively high, so PE materials and Other materials are composited, such as bulletproof inserts composited with PE materials and ceramic materials. However, when composite materials are used to prepare bulletproof inserts, the reduction of PE materials will increase the quality of the composite bulletproof inserts. For example, when the composite prepared alumina bulletproof inserts meet the requirements of single-proof III-level bulletproof test, It is necessary to minimize the use of PE materials and reduce the weight of the bulletproof inserts as much as possible. The mutual restriction between the two requirements makes it difficult to achieve the economic efficiency of the bulletproof inserts. At the same time, the existing bulletproof inserts are usually designed to be multi-curved according to usage requirements and by applying ergonomics, so as to facilitate the user to perform tactical actions and achieve the effect of wearing comfort. The existing multicurved bulletproof inserts have cross-curved surfaces in two directions on the side of the body. However, the setting comfort of the multicurved is poor, which limits the popularization and use of the multicurved bulletproof inserts. Therefore, how to reduce the weight of the alumina bulletproof insert plate while improving its economy is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the invention In view of this, the new design provides a multicurved III alumina bulletproof plate to reduce the weight of the alumina bulletproof plate while improving its economy; the new design also provides a bulletproof plate clothes. In order to achieve the above objective, the new design provides the following technical solutions: A multicurved single-anti-class III alumina bulletproof insert plate, comprising a PE plate and an alumina plate stacked on the surface of the PE plate, The PE plate is a rectangular plate, and its length is 300-310mm, and its width is 250_260mm; The weight of the PE plate is 840_890g; The thickness of the oxidized plate is 5.5-6.5 mm, and the total thickness of the bulletproof plate is 18.5-19.5 mm. Preferably, in the above-mentioned multicurved single-proof grade III alumina bulletproof insert plate, the weight of the PE plate is 860-870go Preferably, in the above-mentioned multicurved single-proof grade III alumina bulletproof insert plate, the thickness of the alumina plate is 6 mm, and the total thickness of the bulletproof insert plate is 19 mm. Preferably, in the above-mentioned multicurved single-proof grade III alumina bulletproof insert plate, the PE plate is a PE plate pressed by a multi-layer UD cloth. Preferably, in the above-mentioned multicurved single-proof grade III alumina bulletproof insert plate, the cross-sections of the PE plate in the width direction and the length direction are both circular arc sections, and the PE plate is in the width direction. The radius of the arc section of the PE plate is 380-395mm, the radius of the arc section of the PE plate in its length direction is 1040-1050mm, and the alumina plate is arranged on the outer arc surface of the PE plate. Preferably, in the above-mentioned multicurved single-proof grade III alumina bulletproof insert plate, the radius of the arc cross section of the PE plate in the width direction is 385 mm, and the arc cross section of the PE plate in the length direction The radius is 1045mm. Preferably, in the above-mentioned multicurved single-proof grade III alumina bulletproof insert plate, the alumina plate includes a plurality of alumina sub-plates. Preferably, in the above-mentioned multicurved single-proof grade III alumina bulletproof plate, the alumina sub-plate is a rectangular oxide sub-plate with a side length of 45-55mm. Preferably, in the above-mentioned multicurved single-proof grade III alumina bulletproof plate, the alumina sub-plate is a hexagonal alumina sub-plate with a side length of 25-35mm. A bulletproof vest, comprising a clothing cover and a bulletproof insert plate inserted in the clothing cover, and the bulletproof insert plate is the multicurved single-proof grade III alumina bulletproof insert plate as described in any one of the above. The multicurved single-proof III grade alumina bulletproof insert plate provided by the new design is composed of a PE plate and an alumina plate. The alumina plate is laminated on the surface of the PE plate and is realized by the composite of the PE plate and the alumina plate. The protective function of the bullet-proof insert plate, in order to meet the requirements of the use of the bullet-proof insert plate, the PE plate is set as a rectangular plate, and its length is set to 300-310mm, and its width is set to 250-260_ to meet the requirements of inserting it into the bulletproof vest. Size requirements, so as to meet the needs of its use in the body armor. The PE plate has the characteristics of light weight, but the bulletproof insert plate prepared from the PE plate alone requires a large production cost and material cost. In the new design, the PE plate and the alumina plate are composited to reduce The use of PE plates reduces the material cost of bulletproof inserts. At the same time, by optimizing the mass ratio of PE plates and alumina plates, the weight of the PE plates is controlled at 840-890g, and the thickness of the alumina plates is set to 5.5-6.5mm, and The total thickness of the bulletproof inserts is set to 18.5-19.5mm. Through the specific gravity design of the PE plate and the oxidation plaque in the bulletproof inserts, the overall quality of the bulletproof inserts made of the PE plate composite alumina plate is reduced. Under the condition that the bulletproof plate meets the single-proof level III protection test, the weight of the bulletproof plate is reduced, and the material cost of the bulletproof plate is maximized. Description of the drawings In order to more clearly describe the embodiments of the new design or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, in the following description The drawings are only some embodiments of the new design. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. FIG. 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multicurved single-proof Class III alumina bulletproof plate provided by the new design; FIG. 2 is a left cross-sectional view of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a top view of a transverse cross-section of the trapezoidal head of FIG. 1; FIG. 4 is a top view of the transverse cross-section of the transition section of the trapezoidal head and the middle of FIG. 1; FIG. 5 is a horizontal cross-sectional top view of the middle part in the width direction of FIG. 1; FIG. 6 is a horizontal cross-sectional top view of the bottom of FIG. 1. Detailed ways The new design discloses a multicurved single-proof Class III alumina bulletproof plate, which reduces the weight of the alumina bulletproof plate while improving its economy; the new design also provides a bulletproof vest. A clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the new design will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the new design. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the new design, rather than all implementations. example. Based on the embodiments of the new design, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the new design. As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multicurved single-proof grade III alumina bulletproof plate provided by the new design. The new design provides a multicurved single-anti-class III alumina bulletproof insert plate. The bulletproof insert plate 1 is composed of a PE plate 2 and an alumina plate 3. The alumina plate 3 is laminated on the surface of the PE plate 2. The PE plate 2 and the alumina plate 3 jointly realize the protective function of the bulletproof insert 1. In order to meet the requirements of the bulletproof insert 1, the PE plate 2 is set as a rectangular plate, and its length is set to 300-310mm, and its width is 250_260mm to meet the size requirements for inserting into the body armor, so as to meet the needs of its use in the body armor. The PE plate 2 has the characteristics of light weight, but the bulletproof insert 1 prepared from the PE plate 2 alone requires a large production cost and material cost. In this embodiment, the PE plate 2 and the alumina plate 3 are composited. In order to minimize the use of PE plate 2 and reduce the material cost of bulletproof insert plate 1, at the same time, by optimizing the mass ratio of PE plate 2 and alumina plate 3, the weight of PE plate 2 is controlled at 840-890g, which will prevent oxidation. The thickness of the aluminum plate 3 is set to 5.5-6.5mm, and the total thickness of the bulletproof insert plate 1 is set to 18.5-19.5 mm. The specific gravity of the PE plate 2 and the alumina plate 3 in the bulletproof insert plate 1 is designed to reduce the overall thickness. The quality of the bulletproof insert 1 made up of the PE plate 2 and the alumina plate 3 is improved. Under the condition that the bulletproof insert 1 meets the single-proof III level protection test, the weight of the bulletproof insert 1 is reduced, and the bulletproof insert is maximized. Material cost of plate 1. It should be noted that, as shown in FIG. 1, the bulletproof plate is not a strictly rectangular block structure, including the ends of the trapezoidal structure and the rounded corner structure, and the bulletproof plate of the existing single-curved structure , The bulletproof plate itself has a certain curvature, so it is determined that its thickness is not completely equal in each position, so it cannot simply correspond to the weight range of the PE plate according to the length, width and thickness range, that is, the bulletproof plate in this embodiment The corresponding specific length, width, and the weight of the PE plate 2 should be set based on the actual production product, rather than the only corresponding relationship of simple data. The bulletproof insert 1 uses a PE plate 2 as the main body of the bulletproof insert 1, and uses the bulletproof properties of the alumina plate 3 to composite the alumina plate 3. By reducing the usage of the PE plate 2, the alumina plate 3 and the PE plate 2 are used together The protection function of the bulletproof insert 1 is realized, and while the protection effect of the bulletproof insert 1 is achieved, the economic cost of the bulletproof insert 1 is reduced. It is understandable that the use of the alumina plate 3 will increase the weight of the bulletproof insert 1. In order to control the total weight of the bulletproof insert 1 within a predetermined weight range, while ensuring the protective effect of the bulletproof insert 1, in order to achieve the bulletproof insert The economy of the plate 1 needs to reduce the usage of the PE plate 2 as much as possible. In a specific embodiment of the new design, the weight of the PE plate 2 is 860-870g. By setting the usage amount of the PE plate 2 to 860-870g and compounding it with the alumina plate 3 with a thickness of 5.5-6.5mm, the usage amount of the PE plate 2 is reduced, thereby reducing the material cost of the bulletproof insert 1. At the same time, the thickness of the alumina plate 3 required at this time is relatively small, thereby reducing the amount of alumina plate used to a certain extent, and reducing the overall weight of the bulletproof insert 1. In a preferred embodiment of the new design, the thickness of the alumina plate 3 is 6 mm, and the total thickness of the bulletproof insert plate 1 is 19 mm. When the quality of the PE plate 2 is set to 860_870g, the thickness of the alumina plate 3 determines the quality and protection level of the bulletproof plate 1 when the single-proof III protection test performance of the bulletproof plate 1 is met. The thickness determines the quality of use of the alumina plate 3. At the same time, the total thickness of the bulletproof plate 1 is determined, and the thickness of the 860-870gPE plate in the bulletproof plate 1 is determined. Through the specific parameter settings, the bulletproof plate 1 is determined The optimal parameter setting of the middle plate achieves the protective effect and economic effect of the bulletproof flapper 1. In the new design, by designing the size and weight of the PE plate 2 and the alumina plate 3 in the bullet-proof insert plate 1, by reducing the usage of the PE plate 2, the PE plate 2 and the alumina plate 3 jointly realize the bulletproof insert plate 1. For the protection function, the composite design of the alumina plate 3 will inevitably increase the weight of the bulletproof plate 1. When the PE plate 2 is set to 860-870g, it greatly reduces the usage of the PE plate 2, thereby reducing the bulletproof plate 1. Economic cost. In the design process of the bulletproof plate 1, the weight of the composite bulletproof plate 1 has increased. Therefore, under the condition that the bulletproof plate 1 satisfies the protection performance, reducing its use quality as much as possible is the main reason to improve its economic advantages. condition. By designing the weight of the PE plate 2 and the thickness of the alumina plate 3, the new design reduces the usage of the PE plate 2, thereby reducing the economic cost of the bulletproof insert plate 1. At the same time, the thickness of the alumina plate 3 is controlled so that the new design provides The total weight of the bulletproof insert 1 is controlled within 2.1-2.15kg, and its weight range is relatively small among the bulletproof inserts of the same material and the same protection level, so that it has a larger economic space and improves the use performance of the bulletproof insert 1. In a specific embodiment of the new design, the length and width of the PE plate 2 are set to 300 mm and 250 mm, respectively. Bulletproof flap 1 is an accessory product used to enhance individual protection capabilities in body armor. With the popularization and use of soft body armor, bulletproof flap 1 meets the space requirements for installing bulletproof flap 1 on body armor, and also needs Adapt to the needs of the human body, that is, to meet the user's shape requirements, so that the body armor has a certain degree of comfort at the same time. Through the design of the length and width of the PE plate 2, when it meets the requirements of the matching use with the body armor, it is increased The comfort requirements for individual use. In a specific embodiment of the new design, the PE plate is a PE plate pressed by multiple layers of UD cloth (Un1-Direct1nal Cloth, unidirectional cloth). It is known that UD cloth is widely used in soft body armor, bulletproof helmets and other protective products. It has excellent properties such as soft hand feeling, low density, abrasion resistance, impact resistance, and cutting resistance. It is prepared by pressing UD cloth The PE plate meets the protective performance of the bulletproof plate. As shown in Figs. 2-6, Fig. 2 is a left cross-sectional view of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a top view of a transverse cross-section of the trapezoidal head of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a transition of the trapezoidal head and the middle of Fig. 1 A top view of the transverse cross-section of the segment; FIG. 5 is a transverse cross-sectional top view of the middle part in the width direction in FIG. 1; FIG. 6 is a transverse cross-sectional top view of the bottom of FIG. 1. The bulletproof plate 1 provided by the new design is a multicurved bulletproof plate. The multicurved is designed to meet the needs of ergonomics and increase the comfort of the human body. The multicurved on the bulletproof plate 1 is set to the width of the PE plate 2. The cross-sections in the direction and the length direction are both circular arc sections, the circular arc sections of the PE plate in two directions, and the arcs of the circular arc sections in the two directions are respectively set for the arc sections of the PE plate 2 in the length direction. The radius of the arc is 1040-1050mm, and the radius of the arc section in the width direction is 380-395mm. Through the design of specific arc parameters, it can better adapt to the needs of the human body, which is convenient for individual soldiers to perform tactical actions during use. The alumina plate 3 is arranged on the outer arc surface of the PE plate 2, and the outer layer is protected by the alumina plate 3, and then the inner layer is protected by the PE plate 2. The impact force of the alumina plate 3 acts on the entire surface of the plate structure during protection. In order to disperse the force, the PE plate 2 is used for internal protection, thereby increasing the protection performance of the entire bulletproof insert 1. Specifically, the radius of the circular arc section of the PE plate 2 in the width direction thereof is 385 mm, and the radius of the circular arc section of the PE plate 2 in the longitudinal direction thereof is 1045 mm. Of course, the length and width directions of the PE plate 2 referred to here are the size of the arc radius of the PE plate 2 on its central axis of symmetry. Since the PE plate 2 is a rectangular plate with a certain length and width, during the design process, from the center to the two ends, such as the two ends extending from the longitudinal symmetry line to the width direction, or from the width symmetry line to the length The radii of the arc cross section at the ends of the direction extension are different. For example, in the width direction of the PE plate 2, the cross section is along the length direction, the arc radius of the cross section of the middle part 13 is set to the best design of 1045mm, the cross sections at both ends of the width are set symmetrically, and the cross sections at both ends are set symmetrically. The arc radius setting can be appropriately enlarged or reduced according to the needs of ergonomics. In this embodiment, the arc radius of the cross section at both ends of the width direction of the PE plate 2 is set to 550-560mm, so as to achieve better wrapping of the human body Sex. Especially in the length direction, the cross section of the PE plate 2 in the length direction is along the width direction, and the bulletproof insert plate is adapted to the needs of the human body in the length direction, so the width is not strictly equal, as shown in Figure 1. As shown, the top of the bulletproof plate 1 has a trapezoidal head 11. As shown in FIG. 3, in the design of the multicurved bulletproof plate 1, the cross-section of the trapezoidal head 11 of the bulletproof plate 1 is arc The radius is set to 840-850 mm, which is larger than the arc size of the middle part; as shown in Figure 4, the transition part 12 from the trapezoidal head 11 to the middle part 13 of the PE plate 2 in the length direction is the transition part 12 where the PE plate 2 is located. The arc radius of the cross section is set to 500-510mm; as shown in Figure 6, the cross section of the bottom 14 of the bulletproof plate is set to 280-290mm, which is achieved by designing the multicurved on the inner side of the bulletproof plate. The bulletproof flapper has the best wrapping performance for the human body, meets the requirements of ergonomics, and has higher comfort. In a specific embodiment of the new design, the alumina plate 3 includes a plurality of alumina sub-plates. When the bulletproof insert 1 protects the impact force, if an integral alumina plate is compounded on the outer arc surface of the PE plate 2, when a point on the alumina plate 2 is impacted, the alumina disperses the impact force as a whole. For example, when impact protection is performed on bullets, etc., after a single impact is applied to the surface of the bulletproof plate 1, the protection strength of the entire alumina plate 3 will decrease. By setting the alumina plate 3 as multiple alumina sub-plates, when it receives a protective impact When a single alumina sub-plate is impacted, it still has strong protection performance as a whole, thereby improving the overall protection capability of the bulletproof plate. Specifically, the alumina sub-plate is a rectangular alumina sub-plate with a side length of 45-55mm. Through the design of multiple alumina sub-plates, it is easy to realize the modular design of the alumina sub-plate, and the bulletproof insert is added. The protective performance of the plate. Preferably, the alumina sub-plate is a square alumina sub-plate with a side length of 50 mm. Specifically, the alumina sub-plate is a hexagonal alumina sub-plate with a side length of 25-35 mm. Preferably, the alumina sub-plate is a hexagonal alumina sub-plate with a side length of 30 mm. Through the size design of the alumina sub-plate, the alumina sub-plate can be manufactured on a large scale during the preparation process, and at the same time, the protective performance of the bulletproof insert plate is improved by the common arrangement of multiple alumina sub-plates on the surface of the PE plate. Based on the multicurved single-anti-class III alumina bulletproof insert plate provided in the above-mentioned embodiment, the new design also provides a bulletproof vest comprising a clothing cover and a bulletproof insert plate inserted in the clothing cover. The bulletproof insert plate provided on the body armor is the multicurved single-proof grade III alumina bulletproof insert plate provided in the above-mentioned embodiment. Since the body armor adopts the multicurved single-anti-class III alumina bulletproof plate of the above-mentioned embodiment, the beneficial effects of the body armor from the multicurved single-anti-class III alumina bulletproof plate can be referred to the above implementation. example. The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the new design. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the new design. Therefore, the new design will not be limited to the embodiments shown in this text, but should conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed in this text.  

Inner-wearing Under Shirt VIP Concealed Bulletproof Vest, "Invisibility Cloak" for Law Enforcement Officers. 1) Structure: The body armor should be composed of a protective layer and an outer cover. The protective layer should cover the main internal organs of the human body (including the front and back), and the protective layer and buffer layer should be placed in the protective cover. 2) Material of bulletproof layer: high-performance PE (polyethylene) fiber or Aramid fabric (Kevlar, Twaron etc) 3) Anti-ballistic performance: Level IIIA protection that meets the U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Ballistic Resistance of Body Armor NIJ Standard-0101.06, which can effectively prevent the .357 SIG FMJ FN 448 ± 9 m/s 6 shots and .44 Mag. JHP 436 ± 9 m/s 6 shots from penetrating. 4) Weight of bulletproof layer: 1.4kg 5) Sealing performance: The protective layer of the body armor has a black and sealed protective cover that is impermeable to water and light;     6) Climate and environment adaptability: The bulletproof vest meets the requirements under the ambient temperature of -20℃～+55℃, normal temperature, and water immersion; 7) Wearing flexibility: The arms can move freely when wearing the body armor. The body kneeling, jumping, squatting, running, pitching, turning and other movements should be flexible and easy to put on and take off.  

A bulletproof vest is composed of plate carrier clothing and ballistic plates. What really plays the bulletproof role is the ballistic plates. The clothing is just the carrier but not bulletproof.Ballistic plates are divided into two categories. One is soft plates (relatively weak protection ability), and the other is reinforced / composite hard plates (relatively strong protection ability).The soft plates are usually made of high-performance fibers (such as UHMWPE and Kevlar). Its bulletproof principle is that when the bullet / fragment hits the fiber layer, the huge impact force will be consumed when stretching and shearing the fiber layer. At the same time, the fiber layer will spread the impact force generated by the bullet / fragment to the area outside the impact point, so as to absorb the impact force. The soft plates can resist the bullets of pistols and shotguns or fragments of explosives such as grenades, as well as long-distance automatic rifle attacks (not at close range). The hard plates are made of metal, ceramic, high-performance composite plate and other hard materials on the basic of soft plates. The bulletproof principle is that when the bullet hits, firstly the metal plate, ceramic plate or composite plate in the bulletproof plate contacts the bullet (equivalent to the first line of defense). At the moment of contact, the bullet and these hard bulletproof material plates may crack, which consumes most of the bullet’s energy. As the second line of defense as well as a buffer, the soft bulletproof material absorbs and diffuses the remaining energy of the bullet, so as to achieve the purpose of bulletproof. The hard plates can resist more powerful weapons, such as automatic rifles.

Overall Introduction Body Armor, also known as bulletproof vests, bulletproof jacket, ballistic vest, ballistic jacket, bullet resist vest, personal protective equipment and etc., are used to protect the human body from damage caused by bullets or shrapnel. The bulletproof vest is mainly composed of two parts: a jacket and a bulletproof layer. The bulletproof layer can be made of metal (special steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy), ceramic sheet (corundum, boron carbide, silicon carbide, alumina), glass steel, nylon (PA), Kevlar (aramid, twaron), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene Fiber (DOYENTRONTEX Fiber), liquid protective materials and other materials form a single or composite protective structure. The bulletproof layer can absorb the kinetic energy of the bullet or shrapnel, and has obvious protective effect on the low-speed bullet or shrapnel. Bulletproof vests include infantry body armor, pilot body armor and artillery body armor. According to the appearance, it can be divided into bulletproof vests, full-protection bulletproof vests, ladies bulletproof vests and other types. Ballistic performance   Body armor refers to "a kind of clothing that can absorb and dissipate the kinetic energy of bullets and fragments, prevent penetration, and effectively protect the protected parts of the human body." From the perspective of use, bulletproof vests can be divided into two types: police and military. From the material point of view, body armor can be divided into three types: soft, hard and soft and hard composite. The material of soft body armor is mainly composed of high-performance textile fiber composite material latitude cloth, these high-performance fibers are much higher than the energy absorption capacity of general materials, giving the body armor bulletproof function, and because this kind of body armor generally uses textiles The structure, which has considerable flexibility, is called soft body armor. Hard body armor is made of special steel plates, aluminum alloys and other metal materials or aluminum oxide, silicon carbide and other hard non-metallic materials as the main bulletproof materials. The flexibility of the soft and hard composite body armor is between the above two types. It uses soft materials as the inner lining and hard materials as the panel and reinforcement materials. It is a composite body armor. As a kind of protective equipment, the core performance that a body armor should have is ballistic performance. At the same time, as a kind of functional clothing, it should also have certain clothing properties. The ballistic performance of body armor is mainly reflected in the following two aspects: (1) Bulletproof fragments: high-speed fragments produced by the explosion of various explosives such as bombs, mines, artillery shells and grenades are one of the main threats on the battlefield. According to the survey, the order of the threats faced by soldiers in a battlefield is: shrapnel, bullets, explosive blast and heat. Therefore, the function of the bulletproof debris must be emphasized. (2) Prevention of non-penetrating damage: The bullet will produce a great impact after hitting the target. The damage produced by this impact on the human body is often fatal. This kind of injury does not show penetration, but it can cause internal injuries, and severe cases can be life-threatening. Therefore, preventing non-penetrating damage is also an important aspect of reflecting and testing the ballistic performance of body armor. Wearing performance On the one hand, the wearing performance requirements of body armor means that the body armor should be as light and comfortable as possible without affecting the bulletproof ability, so that people can still perform various actions more flexibly after wearing. The other is the ability of clothing to adjust to the microclimate environment of the "clothing-human body" system. For body armor, it is hoped that after the body wears the body armor, it can still maintain the basic heat and moisture exchange state of "man-clothes", and try to avoid the accumulation of moisture on the inner surface of the body armor, which may cause discomfort such as sultry heat and humidity, Sense, reduce physical consumption. In addition, due to its special use environment, the suitability of the body armor with other weapons and equipment should also be considered.     Bulletproof principle On the Korean battlefield, the US military was equipped with M52 nylon body armor, which blocked 70% of the direct hits at the time, reduced the lethality of the chest and abdomen by 65%, and reduced the total attrition rate by 15%. According to reports, in 1983, when five U.S. Marines were patrolling the streets of Beirut, they were suddenly attacked by a grenade. As they were all wearing "Kevlar" body armor, the grenade exploded near them. Caused death and serious injuries, only minor injuries to upper and lower limbs. The above statistics and reports strongly prove the protective effect and protective efficiency of body armor. So, what is the secret of bulletproof vests? How does "hard armor" protect against bullets? Hard material bulletproof vests such as metal, bulletproof ceramics, high-performance composite plates and composite plates of non-metal and metal or ceramics used after the early 1970s. The bulletproof mechanism is mainly that the material breaks and cracks when hit by bullets. , Plugging and delamination of multi-layer composite boards, so as to absorb a large amount of impact energy of shooting projectiles. When the hardness of the material exceeds the impact energy of the shooting object, the shooting rebound phenomenon can occur without penetration. How does "soft armor" protect against bullets? If the bulletproof vest is made of high-performance fibers such as bulletproof nylon, aramid fiber, base fiber and other soft materials, the bulletproof mechanism is mainly that the bullet stretches and shears the fiber, and at the same time, the fiber will impact energy beyond the impact point. The energy is absorbed and the fragments or warheads are wrapped in the bulletproof layer. Tests have shown that there are five ways for soft body armor to absorb energy: ⒈Textile deformation: refers to the deformation of the bullet incident direction and the area near the incident point; ⒉The destruction of the fabric: including fiber fibrillation , Fiber breakage, yarn structure knot body and fabric structure disintegration; ⒊heat energy: bullet energy is dissipated as heat energy through friction; ⒋sound energy: energy consumed by the sound of bullet hitting the bulletproof layer; ⒌projectile body The deformation. How does composite "armor" protect against bullets? It should be pointed out that this kind of soft body armor called "soft armor" cannot prevent direct shot projectiles with sufficient energy or heavier from invading the human body. Therefore, it is necessary to add hard inserts, ceramic plates or composite plates, that is, soft The combination of hard materials and the integration of the two protection mechanisms can protect the human body and achieve the purpose of bulletproof. The bulletproof mechanism of this soft and hard composite body armor is as follows: When a bullet hits the body armor, it first contacts the bulletproof steel plate or reinforced ceramic board or composite board of the first line of defense in the body armor. At the moment of contact, Both bullets and hard bulletproof materials may deform and break, thus consuming most of the bullet's energy. The soft bulletproof material acts as the second line of defense, absorbs and diffuses the energy of the remaining part of the bullet, and acts as a buffer to prevent and reduce penetrating damage. How to bulletproof body armor? Due to the irregular shape of the fragments and shrapnel produced during the explosion of grenades and bombs, the edges are sharp, small in size, and light in weight. After hitting bulletproof materials, especially soft bulletproof materials, they will not deform, and the amount will be large and dense. Stretching and breaking the fibers of the bulletproof fabric; fragments also cause the internal fibers of the fabric to interact with different layers of the fabric, resulting in overall deformation of the fabric. When the fragments damage the body armor, it consumes its own energy. At the same time, a small part of the energy of the fragments is converted into heat energy through friction and into sound energy through impact. Therefore, the body armor prevents damage to the chest, abdomen, and even the neck (high-collar body armor) from the fragments of grenades and bombs.     Development path During the Korean War, the U.S. Army was equipped with a T52 full nylon body armor made of 12 layers of bulletproof nylon, while the Marine Corps was equipped with a M1951 hard "Doron" fiberglass bulletproof vest, which weighs 2.7 to 3.6 kg. between. Body armor made of nylon can provide soldiers with a certain degree of protection, but it is larger in size and weighs up to 6 kg. In the early 1970s, Kevlar, a synthetic fiber with ultra-high strength, ultra-high modulus, and high temperature resistance, was successfully developed by DuPont of the United States, and was quickly applied in the field of bulletproof. The emergence of this high-performance fiber greatly improves the performance of soft textile body armor, while also improving the comfort of the body armor to a large extent. The US military took the lead in using Kevlar to make body armor, and developed two models of light and heavy. The new body armor uses Kevlar fiber fabric as the main material, and bulletproof nylon cloth as the envelope. The lightweight body armor is composed of 6 layers of Kevlar fabric, and the medium weight is 3.83 kg. With the commercialization of Kevlar, Kevlar's excellent comprehensive performance has soon been widely used in the body armor of the military of various countries. The success of Kevlar and the subsequent emergence of Twaron and Spectra as well as their application in body armor made soft body armor characterized by high-performance textile fibers become more popular, and its application range is not limited to The military, and gradually expanded to the police and political circles. However, for high-speed bullets, especially bullets fired by rifles, pure soft body armor is still difficult to handle. For this reason, people have developed soft and hard composite bulletproof vests, using fiber composite materials as reinforced panels or inserts to improve the bulletproof capability of the overall body armor. In summary, there have been three generations of modern body armor development so far: the first generation is a hard body armor, mainly using special steel, aluminum alloy and other metals as bulletproof materials. The characteristics of this type of bulletproof vest are: the clothing is thick and heavy, usually about 20 kilograms, it is not comfortable to wear, it has a large restriction on human activities, has a certain degree of ballistic performance, but is easy to produce secondary fragments. The second-generation body armor is a soft body armor, usually made of high-performance fiber fabrics such as multi-layer Kevlar. It is light in weight, usually only 2 to 3 kilograms, and has a soft texture, good fitness, and comfortable wearing. It has good concealment when worn inside, and is especially suitable for daily wear by police and security personnel or political officials. use. In terms of bulletproof capability, it can generally prevent bullets fired from a pistol 5 meters away, and will not produce secondary shrapnel, but it deforms greatly after being hit by a bullet, which can cause certain non-penetrating damage. In addition, for bullets fired from rifles or machine guns, soft body armor of general thickness is difficult to resist. The third generation body armor is a composite body armor. Generally, lightweight ceramic sheets are used as the outer layer, and high-performance fiber fabrics such as Kevlar as the inner layer are the main development directions of body armor. The latest bulletproof vest (Instavest) developed by MKU of India is known as the fastest bulletproof vest in the world. The biggest highlight of this body armor is that it can be put on and taken off quickly. It is specially designed with a quick pull ring, as long as the ring is pulled, the whole body armor can be easily taken off. According to reports, it takes only 1 second to take off the body armor, and 45 seconds to put on this body armor.   Design mechanism of bulletproof vest There are basically two bulletproof mechanisms of body armor: one is to bounce off the fragments formed after fragmentation of the projectile; the other is to dissipate the kinetic energy of the warhead through the bulletproof material. The first bulletproof vests developed by the United States in the 1920s and 1930s were protected by overlapping steel plates attached to strong clothes. This body armor and later similar hard body armors play a bulletproof role by popping off the bullets or shrapnel, or breaking the bullets to consume and decompose their energy. For soft body armor using high-performance fiber as the main bulletproof material, its bulletproof mechanism is mainly the latter, that is, the use of high-strength fiber as raw material to "catch" bullets or shrapnel to achieve the purpose of bulletproof. Studies have shown that there are five ways in which soft bulletproof vests can absorb energy: (1) Fabric deformation: including the deformation of the bullet incident direction and the stretching deformation of the area near the incident point; (2) Fabric destruction: including the fibrils of the fiber Chemical, fiber breakage, yarn structure disintegration and fabric structure disintegration; (3) Thermal energy: energy is dissipated as heat through friction; (4) Acoustic energy: the energy consumed by the sound of bullets hitting the bulletproof layer; (5) Deformation of the projectile. The bulletproof mechanism of the soft and hard composite body armor developed to improve the bulletproof capability can be summarized by "soft and hard". When a bullet hits the body armor, the first effect is the hard bulletproof material such as steel plate or reinforced ceramic material. During this moment of contact, both bullets and hard bulletproof materials may deform or break, consuming most of the bullet's energy. The high-strength fiber fabric serves as the liner and second line of defense of the bulletproof vest, absorbs and diffuses the energy of the remaining part of the bullet, and acts as a buffer, thereby reducing non-penetrating damage as much as possible. In the two bulletproof processes, the previous one played the main energy absorption effect, which greatly reduced the penetration of the projectile, which is the key to bulletproof. The factors that affect the bulletproof performance of body armor can be considered from two aspects: the interacting projectile (bullet or shrapnel) and the bulletproof material. As far as the projectile is concerned, its kinetic energy, shape and material are important factors that determine its penetration. Ordinary bullets, especially lead-cored or ordinary steel-cored bullets, will deform after contacting the bulletproof material. In this process, a considerable part of the kinetic energy of the bullet is consumed, thereby effectively reducing the penetration force of the bullet, which is an important aspect of the energy absorption mechanism of the bullet. For bombs, grenades, and other shrapnels or secondary fragments formed by bullets, the situation is significantly different. These shrapnels have irregular shapes, sharp edges, light weight and small size, and will not deform after hitting bulletproof materials, especially soft bulletproof materials. Generally speaking, the speed of this kind of debris is not high, but the amount is large and dense. The key to the energy absorption of such fragments by soft body armor lies in the fact that the fragments cut, stretch and break the yarns of the ballistic fabric, and cause the interaction between the yarns in the fabric and the different layers of the fabric to cause the overall deformation of the fabric. In the above-mentioned processes, the fragments do work to the outside, thereby consuming their own energy. In the above two types of body energy absorption processes, a small part of the energy is converted into heat energy through friction (fiber/fiber, fiber/bullet), and converted into sound energy through impact. In terms of bulletproof materials, in order to meet the requirements of body armor to absorb the kinetic energy of bullets and other projectiles to the greatest extent, the bulletproof materials must have high strength, good toughness, and strong energy absorption capabilities. The materials used in body armor, especially soft body armor, are mainly high-performance fibers. These high-performance fibers are characterized by high strength and high modulus. Although some high-performance fibers such as carbon fiber or boron fiber have high strength, they are basically not suitable for body armor due to poor flexibility, low breaking power, difficulty in spinning and processing, and high price. Specifically, for ballistic fabrics, its bulletproof effect mainly depends on the following aspects: fiber tensile strength, fiber elongation at break and work at break, fiber modulus, fiber orientation and stress wave transmission speed, fiber The fineness of the fiber, the way the fiber is assembled, the fiber weight per unit area, the structure and surface characteristics of the yarn, the structure of the fabric, the thickness of the fiber mesh layer, the number of mesh layers or fabric layers, etc. The performance of fiber materials used for impact resistance depends on the breaking energy of the fiber and the speed of stress wave transmission. The stress wave is required to spread as soon as possible, and the fracture energy of the fiber under high-speed impact should be as high as possible. The tensile rupture work of a material is the energy that the material has to resist damage by external forces, and it is a function related to tensile strength and elongation deformation. Therefore, theoretically, the higher the tensile strength and the stronger the elongation deformation capacity of the material, the greater the potential for energy absorption. However, in practice, the material used for body armor is not allowed to have excessive deformation, so the fiber used for body armor must also have a higher resistance to deformation, that is, a high modulus. The influence of the structure of the yarn on the ballistic resistance is that different yarn fabrics will cause the difference in the single fiber strength utilization rate and the overall elongation deformation ability of the yarn. The breaking process of the yarn firstly depends on the breaking process of the fiber, but because it is an aggregate, there is a big difference in the breaking mechanism. If the fineness of the fiber is fine, the yarn is tightly entangled with each other, and the force is more uniform at the same time, thus improving the strength of the yarn. In addition, the straightness and parallelism of the fiber arrangement in the yarn, the number of transfers of the inner and outer layers, and the twist of the yarn all have an important influence on the mechanical properties of the yarn, especially the tensile strength and elongation at break. In addition, due to the interaction between the yarn and the yarn and the yarn and the elastic body during the bombardment process, the surface characteristics of the yarn will have the effect of strengthening or weakening the above two effects. The presence of oil and water on the surface of the yarn will reduce the resistance of bullets or shrapnel to penetrate the material. Therefore, people often clean and dry the material and seek ways to improve the penetration resistance. Synthetic fibers with high tensile strength and high modulus are usually highly oriented, so the fiber surface is smooth and the coefficient of friction is low. When these fibers are used in bulletproof fabrics, the ability to transfer energy between the fibers is poor after bombardment, and the stress wave cannot spread quickly, thereby reducing the ability of the fabric to block bullets. Ordinary methods to increase the surface friction coefficient, such as fleece, corona finishing, etc., will reduce the strength of the fiber, while the method of fabric coating is likely to cause the "welding" between the fiber and the fiber, resulting in the bullet shock wave in the yarn The reflection occurs laterally, causing the fiber to break prematurely. In order to solve this contradiction, people have come up with various methods. AlliedSignal (AlliedSignal) has introduced an air-wound treatment fiber to the market, which increases the contact between the bullet and the fiber by entanglement of the fiber inside the yarn. In US Patent No. 5,035,111, a method for improving the friction coefficient of yarns by using sheath-core structure fibers is introduced. The "core" of this fiber is a high-strength fiber, and the "skin" uses a fiber with a slightly lower strength and a higher coefficient of friction, the latter accounting for 5% to 25%. The method invented by another US patent 5,255,241 is similar. It coats the surface of the high-strength fiber with a thin layer of high-friction polymer to improve the fabric's ability to resist metal penetration. This invention emphasizes that the coating polymer should have strong adhesion to the surface of the high-strength fiber, otherwise the coating material that peels off when bombarded will act as a solid lubricant between the fibers, thereby reducing the fiber surface Coefficient of friction. In addition to fiber properties and yarn characteristics, an important factor affecting the bulletproof ability of body armor is the structure of the fabric. The fabric structure types used on the software body armor include knitted fabrics, woven fabrics, non-weft fabrics, needle punched non-woven felts, etc. Knitted fabrics have high elongation, which is beneficial to improve the comfort of wearing. But this kind of high elongation will produce great non-penetrating damage for impact resistance. In addition, because knitted fabrics have anisotropic characteristics, they have different degrees of impact resistance in different directions. Therefore, although knitted fabrics have advantages in terms of production cost and production efficiency, they are generally only suitable for the manufacture of stab-resistant gloves, fencing suits, etc., and cannot be completely used for body armor. The more widely used body armors are woven fabrics, non-weft fabrics and needle punched non-woven felts. Due to their different structures, these three types of fabrics have different bulletproof mechanisms, and ballistics cannot yet give a sufficient explanation. Generally speaking, after the bullet hits the fabric, it will generate a radial vibration wave in the impact area and spread through the yarn at high speed. When the vibration wave reaches the interweaving point of the yarn, a part of the wave will be transmitted along the original yarn to the other side of the interweaving point, another part will be transferred to the inside of the interlaced yarn, and some will be reflected along the original yarn. Go back and form a reflected wave. Among the above three types of fabrics, the woven fabric has the most interweaving points. After being hit by the bullet, the kinetic energy of the bullet can be transmitted through the interaction of the yarns at the interweaving point, so that the impact force of the bullet or shrapnel can be absorbed in a larger area . But at the same time, the interweaving point acts as a fixed end invisibly. The reflected wave formed at the fixed end and the original incident wave will be superimposed in the same direction, which greatly increases the stretching effect of the yarn, and breaks after exceeding its breaking strength. In addition, some small shrapnel may push a single yarn in the woven fabric away, thereby reducing the penetration resistance of the shrapnel. Within a certain range, if the fabric density is increased, the possibility of the above situation can be reduced, and the strength of the woven fabric can be improved, but the negative effect of stress wave reflection and superposition will be enhanced. Theoretically, to obtain the best impact resistance is to use unidirectional materials without interlacing points. This is also the starting point of the "Shield" technology. "Shield" technology is "one-way arrangement" technology, which is a method for producing high-performance non-woven bulletproof composite materials launched and patented by United Signal Corporation in 1988. The right to use this patented technology was also granted to the Dutch company DSM. The fabric made by this technology is a weftless fabric. The non-weft fabric is made by arranging the fibers in parallel in one direction and bonding them with a thermoplastic resin. At the same time, the fibers are crossed between layers and pressed with a thermoplastic resin. Most of the energy of a bullet or shrapnel is absorbed by stretching and breaking the fibers at or near the impact point. The "Shield" fabric can keep the original strength of the fiber to the greatest extent, and quickly disperse the energy to a larger area, and the processing procedure is relatively simple. The single-layer non-weft fabric can be used as the backbone structure of the soft body armor after being laminated, and the multi-layer can be used as a rigid bulletproof material such as bulletproof reinforced inserts. If in the above two types of fabrics, most of the projectile energy is absorbed at the impact point or the fibers near the impact point through excessive stretching or piercing to break the fibers, then the needle punched nonwoven felt is The bulletproof mechanism of structured fabric cannot be explained. Because experiments have shown that fiber breakage hardly occurs in the needle punched nonwoven felt. The needle-punched nonwoven felt is composed of a large number of short fibers, there is no interweaving point, and there is almost no fixed point reflection of the strain wave. The bulletproof effect depends on the diffusion speed of the bullet impact energy in the felt. It was observed that after being hit by shrapnel, there was a roll of fibrous material on the tip of the Fragment Simulation Projectile (FSP). Therefore, it is predicted that the projectile body or shrapnel becomes blunt at the initial stage of impact, making it difficult to penetrate the fabric. Many research materials have pointed out that the modulus of fiber and the density of felt are the main factors that affect the ballistic effect of the entire fabric. Needle-punched non-woven felts are mainly used in military bulletproof vests with bulletproof sheets.   New varieties of body armor For thousands of years, the basic use of armor has not changed much. First, it prevents weapons or missiles from contacting the body. Second, it disperses the energy of the weapon and reduces the damage caused by the impact. Although not effective in all situations, armor basically protects people from serious injury or death, especially from official weapons. Body armor In the past few years, people had to develop stronger and more advanced armor to withstand the ever-increasing weapons. However, despite some improvements, modern armor still has some shortcomings similar to those of ancient times. Whether made of sheet metal or fiber layers, armor is often bulky. Some armors are very hard, so it is impractical to use them as protection for arms, legs and neck. Therefore, medieval armor has gaps and joints so that the wearer can move. Modern armor generally only protects the head and torso. However, a new type of armor is both flexible and lightweight. What's even more incredible is that this improvement turned out to add liquid to the original armor material. Although it has not yet been fully engaged in combat, researchers predict that this liquid armor will be a good fit for modern body armor. Soldiers and policemen may eventually use this to protect their arms and legs. The two types of liquid armor in the study were developed on the basis of Kevlar fiber (a synthetic fiber widely used in body armor, translator's note). When a bullet or grenade hits the Kevlar body armor, the material layer spreads the impact through a large surface. In the process of passing the Kevlar fiber layer, the bullet loses energy and slows down. The principle is the same as when the car’s airbag disperses the impact and cushions the human body when it is hit. Although Kevlar is fiber, armor made of Kevlar fiber is not as flexible as other clothes. It takes about 20 to 40 fiber layers to block bullets, so a stack of fibers is very hard. The same armor is also very heavy-even after removing the ceramic protective layer for additional protection inside, one piece is usually more than 10 pounds (4.5 kg). However, there are two different fluids that allow Kevlar body armor to use fewer fiber layers, making it lighter and more flexible. Both have one thing in common-they respond strongly to stimuli. Liquid body armor Liquid body armor: only half the weight of traditional body armor British BAE Systems has developed a new magical liquid body armor. This revolutionary invention uses a liquid called "shear thickening fluid", which hardens when impacted by a bullet and acts as a barrier to the bullet. The new liquid body armor can provide soldiers with unprecedented effective protection, while ensuring that they can move freely and flexibly, without being restricted by the bulky traditional body armor. As a world-renowned defense, aerospace, and security company, the new liquid body armor developed by BAE Systems is lighter, has better defense and protection effects, and has greatly enhanced flexibility and flexibility. "Shear thickening fluid" can also be sprayed between two layers of Kevlar to make super-strong and ultra-thin body armor. Originally, the strength of Kevlar material is five times that of steel, so it is also considered a standard body armor material. This new super-strong and ultra-thin body armor is much thinner than ordinary body armor, and the weight is only half of the ordinary. Many special particles are freely suspended in the "shear thickening fluid". When the liquid is disturbed by the impact of bullets, the special particles in it collide with each other, forming resistance to this agitation. When the stirring force is large enough, these particles are actually "locked" with each other. When the bullet hits this material at high speed, the "shear thickening fluid" body armor will attract the impact energy and quickly become extremely hard.   Deal with knives Are soft body armors stab-resistant? Many people think that soft body armor can withstand bullets, and it is not a piece of cake to deal with the cutting and puncture of knives, but unfortunately, soft body armor does not fully function as a stab-resistant suit. why? The soft body armor is made of Kevlar material. When the warhead hits the soft body armor, the extremely tough Kevlar fiber will transmit the kinetic energy of the warhead to the entire soft body armor, so that it can be bulletproof. Effect. That is to say, the principle of soft body armor is actually to share the impact kinetic energy of the warhead to each Kevlar fiber, so the whole soft body armor is scrapped after one shot. But what the tool produces is shear stress, the direction of the force is perpendicular to the fiber material, and the energy density of the tip is much higher than that of the bullet. Anyone who has studied materials knows that fiber material has the worst resistance to vertical shear stress. , It can even be said that there is no effect, so for knives, soft bulletproof vests have no choice but to sigh. The impact mechanism of high-speed bullets on soft body armor is different from that of sharp weapons. The energy dispersion of the former mainly disperses or consumes energy through warhead deformation, fiber breakage and shock wave propagation. The puncture of the body armor mainly relies on the shearing principle, and the energy dispersion range is relatively narrow, especially the bayonet with a sharp head is more difficult to prevent. There is no soft body armor product on the market that can pass the 900N force puncture performance test specified in the GA68-1994 standard, let alone the dynamic 25J puncture performance specified in the upcoming new puncture-resistant clothing standard. Of course, soft body armor has a certain anti-puncture effect, and its anti-puncture ability depends on the structure of the body armor (mainly the structure of the bulletproof material). If you want the anti-puncture effect to meet the standard requirements of puncture-resistant clothing, you can only choose hard body armor and special puncture-resistant clothing. Strong anti-terrorism Although the weapons used by criminals in ordinary criminal cases are still relatively traditional, they are nothing more than knives, guns and clubs, which are relatively easy to deal with. However, the weapons in the hands of many underworld organizations, drug cartels, and terrorist organizations have become more advanced. Therefore, scientists from various countries have developed some advanced body armor to deal with these advanced weapons. One is anti-electronic body armor. This kind of body armor is not only bulletproof, but it can also process the signal immediately after capturing the signal sent by the incoming shell, and modify the signal within a few microseconds, and send it out, so that the fuze of the incoming shell is deceived. A few hundred meters away, mistakenly thought that it had reached the height that should be detonated, and exploded ahead of time. The second is the spider silk body armor. In Florida in the southern United States and many Latin American countries, there is a spider called "golden eye". It has a larger body and is known for its netting and sticking to catching birds. The US military conducted a lot of research on this spider and found that its silk has very good mechanical properties, excellent tensile strength and elasticity, and is an ideal material for making bulletproof clothing. The body armor made of it will be lighter in weight and better in ballistic performance. The United States is solving the problem of using artificial methods to produce spider silk, adopting biological genetic engineering technology to produce silk fibrin, and mixing it with spider silk to produce materials for making body armor. The third is the bionic body armor. This body armor is made with the properties of pine cones and antlers. Soldiers wearing such bulletproof vests will be resistant to wind, rain and bullets. This is because the pine cone can effectively deal with humidity. When the atmospheric humidity drops, the scaly leaves of the pine cone will automatically open to "breath". Based on this, the man-made fiber system similar to the pine cone structure is used to form a new fiber structure that can adapt to the changes in the external natural conditions. The United Kingdom has begun to develop this bionic body armor, and will be equipped with troops in 2010. The fourth is nano body armor. Researchers at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology added carbon nanotubes to ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene plastics to greatly enhance the bulletproof function of this new type of high-strength fiber. Carbon nanotubes can improve the engineering properties of UHMWPE and enhance its heat dissipation. The body armor made of such materials can not only withstand greater impact, but also is more air-permeable, lighter and more comfortable. Dr. Gao Ping, associate professor of the Department of Chemical Engineering, said: “The technology we have developed can effectively control the arrangement of carbon nanotubes along the direction of plastic fibers. The tensile strength of this nano-synthetic fiber is eight times stronger than that of high-strength steel wire.”   The fifth is liquid body armor. Scientists at the University of Southampton in the United Kingdom have invented a bulletproof vest made of fibers extracted from liquid crystal. During the experiment, the researchers discovered that when a voltage is applied to a layer of crystals, all the liquid crystals are aligned in the same direction and form a long molecular chain. The crystal molecular chains are combined by chemical means to form strong tensile fibers, and then natural resin is used to shape the fibers to make super strong fibers. Experts said that this is the world's most advanced bullet-proof vest .

  Introduction With the continuous upgrading of technique, weapons are constantly upgraded and updated. As the threat activity happens more and more common, people are most concerned about the difference in the protection levels of bulletproof products When purchasing it. However, what grades of bulletproof products are there, and what is the difference between each grade, this may be a relatively unfamiliar question to civilian. There are several different classification standards for the protection level of bulletproof products. The NIJ bulletproof standard established by the American National Institute of Justice is currently a relatively common international standard. Many bulletproof product manufacturers and criminal justice agencies use the standards.  The NIJ standard will also be updated and improved regularly. The latest version of NIJ is NIJ 0101.06 issued in 2008, which is the revised version of NIJ 0101.04 issued in 2001.     NIJ 0101.06 Here is a simple and intuitive introduction to the various bulletproof levels under the NIJ 0101.06 standard. According to the NIJ 0101.06 standard, we classify bulletproof products into five levels: IIA, II, IIIA, III, IV. Class IIA, II and IIIA are for pistol bullets; Class III and IV are for rifle bullets. We will introduce them separately below.   Defense level against pistols NIJ's defense level against pistols is divided into IIA, II and IIIA levels. Class IIA: It needs to be able to defend against 9mm round head full metal armored projectiles (FMJ), with a minimum impact speed of no more than 332m/s (projectile weight 8 grams), and 40 S & W caliber full metal armored projectiles (FMJ), with a minimum impact speed of not Over 312m/s (bullet weight 11.7g) The IIA level is the lowest level of the defense level. It can defend against 9mm FMJ and other less powerful bullets. It is mainly aimed at relatively less dangerous application scenarios. However, due to the low level of protection, the protection products under this level have been improved. The less come. Level II: It needs to be able to defend against 9mm round-head all-metal armored projectiles (FMJ) and .357 Magnum armored soft-headed projectiles, with a minimum impact velocity of not more than 427m/s (projectile weight 10.2 grams). Compared with the IIA level, the level II protection level is better, and can defend against the threat of the .357 Magnum armored soft-headed bullet. Also due to the limitation of the defense level, the level II defense products are also less and less, but there are some invisible ultra-thin bulletproof clothing will choose to use this level. Class IIIA: It needs to be able to defend against 9mm round-headed full metal armored projectiles (FMJ), with a minimum impact speed of not more than 427m/s (projectile weight 8.0 grams), and .44 Magnum half-armored hollow pointed projectiles, with a minimum impact speed of not more than 427m /s, (bullet weight 15.6 grams). Class IIIA can deal with the threat of higher-level pistols and can meet the protection needs of most daily situations. This level is currently the most widely used level of body armor. At present, the protection level required by the military, police and security when purchasing body armor is basically IIIA.     Defense level against rifles NIJ's defense level against rifles is divided into III and IV levels. To defend against this level, you need to use a hard bulletproof plate. Level III: It needs to be able to defend against M80 full metal armored projectiles (FMJ), with the minimum bullet speed not exceeding 838m/s (projectile weight 9.6 grams). It can handle the conventional bullets of M80, M193, AK and other rifles. This is also the most defense level currently used for bulletproof inserts. There are many products with different materials at this level, and the price is also very different. Users can choose according to their own Choose the situation. PS Although it is not mentioned in the current NIJ standard, many manufacturers will separately list a III+ level, which is a level between III and IV. This is mainly to deal with SS109 and other requirements higher than level III Bullets below the level IV requirements. Level IV: Need to be able to defend against .30-caliber armor-piercing projectiles (US military M2 AP), the minimum speed does not exceed 869m/s, (projectile weight 10.8 grams). Level IV can also defend against AP shells or API shells of other rifles such as AK, M80, SS109, M193. Class IV bulletproof products have a high defense index and can defend against most rifle bullets. It is mainly aimed at high-risk application scenarios. For example, in some military activities with relatively high environmental risks, it is required to use products with such protection capabilities.     In addition, if there are special protection requirements in addition to the above protection standards, the purchaser should indicate the accurate shooting test threat and the minimum shooting speed, and should indicate that the other parts of the standard are effective. Another thing to note is that the power of bullets is related to many other factors. Even a bulletproof product that meets a certain NIJ standard level may not be able to prevent the shooting of bullets with the same caliber but different dosing methods under the standard. For example, a body armor that can prevent 40S&W may not prevent a higher speed 40S&W shooting.   Contact US Based on the above introduction, I believe that everyone has a preliminary understanding of the division of defense levels of bulletproof products. If you have any related questions, please feel free to consult us. YF PROTECTOR Co., Limited has been focusing on the sales of bulletproof products for many years, providing a full range of military and police NIJ IIIA, NIJ III and NIJ IV certified bulletproof products including bulletproof helmet, ballistic plate, bullet proof vest etc. Friends who are choosing bulletproof equipment can check the official website of YF PROTECTOR and choose suitable products.

If you have ever purchased body armor before, you probably know that you have the option of choosing between hard and soft armor plates. However besides those that primary decision, there are still a few choices you have to make. You need to decide whether you will go for hard steel, ceramic, or polyethylene plates. To help you come up with a wise and informed decision, here is a quick overview of the different materials used for hard armor plates and the pros and cons of each one.  STEEL PLATES Steel is the most in demand option which has been originally produced and used commercially ever since World War II. Fillipo Negroli was credited for the first recorded use of steel bulletproof armor. He was commissioned to come up with an armor that possessed the ability to stop a bullet. It was in 1561 when this the first successful product was created. Since then, there has been a continuous evolution in the design of steel plates making them more effective. The armor of earlier times pales in comparison to today to meet the increasing needs to protect people from stronger firearms today. When used head on with high powered ammunition, plates made from steel don't disappoint. They can stop many types of rounds and shrapnel. Steel plates count on their hardiness to cause an impacting round to fracture, mushroom and then spread on impact. Steel armor plates are widely available and used but do not necessarily make the most effective choice. While steel and the plates made from it can provide a good deal of protection, there is no denying that it is also relatively heavy. Steel armor plates also tend to cause excessive spalling which can then lead to secondary fragmentation injuries from the resulting shrapnel. Weighing 8 to 10 pounds, steel is also much heavier compared to ceramic and polyethylene plates, but it is also the most affordable of of the three. CERAMIC PLATES Another more recent choice when it comes to hard armor plates is the ceramic plates. This specific kind of armor plate were used in operation Desert Storm although it was not used as personal body armor. The ceramic armor plates were put to use to protecting the British Challenger Tanks which reported very little resulting damage from enemy fire. After the application of ceramic plating to personal armor, its benefits were clearly visible. Primarily, ceramic plates are much lighter. There are also instances when these can provide equal protection but weigh a fraction of the weight a steel plate the same size would. It's an essential factor, particularly in a combat situation where fatigue and speed could mean the difference between life and death. A primary drawback of the ceramic plates though is that they cannot take precision fire to the same location of the plate multiple times. A 7.62mm round may damage up to 3” of space on the ceramic plate. Ceramic plating is made to break up on impact which is crucial to help it stop bullet fire. The problem is that the part breaking can't stop any rounds. This fragility means that ceramic plates could be broken or cracked if they're handled in incorrectly, reducing their combat effectiveness. If you are considering buying a ceramic plate, ensure its condition and treat is with more care than your average plate. POLYETHYLENE (UHMWPE) PLATES PE or Polyethylene is essentially thermoplastic. Polyethylene armor is made by bonding unidirectional Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fibers over the High Density Polyethylene sheet. Such sheets are place in mold, cut to shape, and compressed under high pressure and heat, which results to a cohesive hard armor plate. These plates take advantage of friction caused by a bullet's spin. The friction melts the polyethylene and adheres to the round. When stopped, the polyethylene re-hardens and cools down. Typically, you may hit polyethylene with many rounds and encounter no immediate issues since it does not impact a large surrounding area once the bullet land. The quality of the process and raw materials however, used for bonding would play a role in the deformation of the back face and plate's ability to withstand different rounds without delaminating. Polyethylene plates weigh between two to five pounds, which make them lighter in comparison to steel and up to seventy percent lighter compared to ceramic plates. The tradeoff is that it isn't possible currently with the available materials and procedures to mass produce Level IV Plating at a commercial level, which means it isn't rated to stop armor piercing rounds. In addition to that, polyethylene plates can be 200-300% more expensive than ceramic and steel plating. CONCLUSION If you are deciding between the various types of hard armors, each material has pros and cons. Depending on your needs or preference, the choice is yours. However, it is important to do your research before making any final decisions. Your budget is also an essential consideration. With this, you can be assured that you have made the right choice and you will be able to get the best value of what you have spent.  Any others questions, please free to contact us YF Protector by mail or whatsapp.

With the growing number of incidents and crimes, it's only natural to want to remain safe and secure. Body armors, although not new, became popular following the growth of crimes worldwide. However, between a concealable and overt piece of body armor, which should you pick? The most distinctive difference is that Concealable Body Armor uses fabric that can absorb moisture. Therefore, you can wear it underneath your clothing. On the other hand, overt body armor should be worn over your dress due to the higher weight and bulk. However, the latter type of body armor is denser and more bullet-proof because of the materials used. If you want to know more in-depth differences to help decide which type to pick, feel free to read further.   AN IN-DEPTH COMPARISON BETWEEN CONCEALABLE BODY ARMOR VS. OVERT BODY ARMOR Use - Covert or Concealable, and Overt Body Armors are two most known forms of protective armor. The benefits and disadvantages of both types depend on the hazards you are inclined to experience and the circumstances in which you want to use them. There is a distinction in the degree of flexibility offered by covered and open armors.  Materials - Concealable body armor has darker colors intended so that it is not noticeable when carried under clothing. Manufacturers use fabric that can absorb moisture, meaning that covered body jackets are more breathable offer higher mobility Design - The open or overt body armor, designed to be carried over your clothing, is bulkier and comes in distinct colors for distinct settings. They are significantly heavier than covered vests and are generally made up of harder bullet-resistant fabrics and favored by individuals in high-risk sectors like an anti-riot command, army activities, war-zone reporters, humanitarian activities, safety activities, etc.  Security staff are exposed to distinct types of hazards every day, and at times need to show their power. In such circumstances, open body armor can be useful and prevent individuals from attacking a fully fitted law enforcement officer. Close safeguarding is a challenging job that puts a great deal of pressure on the safety operator to offer a wide variety of services.  The most significant aspect of the job is to be adequately prepared and to understand the possible risks. Closer consideration of the advantages and inconveniences of secret and open body armor is composed of this preparing since this can save lives in the prospective scenario of life and death. No matter what the option, there are many choices accessible to guarantee that safety operators are versatile, safe, and, of course, secure in their workflow.     WHAT IS COVERT BODY ARMOR MADE OF? Bulletproof jackets operate by shifting the energy of the bullet to a full stop before it can pierce the high fibers of the coat.  Soft Body Armor. This armor is in levels I to IIIA and protects typically against the type of munitions used in firearms, the FBI's number one threat in the US. Level I armor, which is the smallest available armor, can be obtained, but most companies give only Level II-A and above. Level II-A is the minimum suggested safeguard against the enhanced risks you encounter. Level III-A is the only choice if you want covert body armor and full protection. Thin Hard Armor. You can also opt for a covert body armor that is made of lightweight yet hard materials. Coverts must go unnoticeable when worn by people. For you to achieve this effect, you must choose an armor that is thin enough to go under your clothes without losing its purpose of security. Works Well Against Handgun Ammo. Covert Body Armors work best in low level threat situations. You can use it while hunting or as a hidden protective gear while at work. It provides enough protection to keep you safe against handgun rounds. It may not be as strong as overt armors; a covert one will help you conceal the truth that you're wearing protective gear.   WHAT IS OVERT BODY ARMOR MADE OF? Hidden armor may not be there for you–maybe you would like the world to know that you have body armor and are ready for anything. Some people will undoubtedly think twice when they see that you are protected from fire or even from rounds of armor. Hard Armors. Hard armor works much as smooth armors, but they can not be carried undergarments like covered and soft armors. This is mainly due to their bulky, stable nature. The additional safety of metal or ceramic sheets is similar to level I to III-A. However, level III also preserves against bullets jacketing in a complete metal of 7.62 mm or M80, as the military calls them. Level IV armors provide the most exceptional security accessible and are not supplied by all producers or retailers. Protection Against Rifle and Explosive Mitigation. Overt body armor can withstand rifle shots and even lessen the impact of explosions because of its durability. They are suitable for warzones where rifle fire and explosions are a high possibility.   WHAT SITUATIONS ARE THESE TYPES OF ARMORS USED FOR? When you buy body armor, you should always look at the region in which you work, the history of assaults that have occurred there before, etc. This helps you identify the sort of body armor you need and the amount of security you need. Below are the primary risks you encounter in various conditions, but this list is not exhaustive, of course. Police Officers. The risks you face in these jobs obviously will rely heavily on the region you patrol. A policeman working in the roads of a town is far more probable than an official in a tiny village to experience threats from an assailant with a weapon. Security Personnel. Groups of security staff are threatened with drunk, often very aggressive clients every night. If we believe that the same clients have simple access to glasses and drinks, then the possibility of stabbing them constitutes a valid danger. Fortunately, a stab-proof jacket protects against assaults against broken bottles and glasses and also traditional knife assaults. Military. In war areas, the most significant amount of bullet-based security accessible becomes vital. Traditional soft body armor will not provide sufficient security for stopping a rifle round, so it must also be used with robust armor plates.  Personal Use. You can also use body armors to protect yourself daily. It's best to make sure that you are safe when traveling to unfamiliar areas or sketchy roads by using body armor.   GREAT COVERT AND OVERT PRODUCTS Here are some of the covert and overt body armor that may be interesting for you. They are in top-quality and can guarantee your safety whenever you need them! Keep in mind that the quality of your vests matters the most as it determines your level of safety.  

  When people search for information about bulletproof vests and body armor, they may encounter terms like trauma plate, ballistic plate, or ballistic panel. In reality, these three terms are the same. All point to the words SAPI or ESAPI. SAPI means “small arms protective inserts”, while ESAPI pertains to “enhanced SAPI” or ceramic plate inserts. Now, if you are keen on purchasing a bulletproof vest or a body armor, it is best to learn more about the basics of a bulletproof vest, what are SAPI and ESAPI, their difference, and which will work best for you.     WHAT IS A BULLETPROOF VEST? Bulletproof means that an object is resistant to the damages brought about by ammunition like bullets and bombs. A bulletproof vest, otherwise called a bullet-resistant vest, is a personal clothing item that works like armor to carry the impact of firearms and explosion shrapnels. It is placed in the torso. A Bulletproof vest can be in various forms, which include soft vests, body armor, or ballistic vests. Soft vests have multiple layers of woven fibers and are useful in protecting a person from shotguns and shotgun projectiles, plus shrapnels from a small hand grenade explosion. The kind of Ballistic Plate that is for soft vests comes as a metal or ceramic plate. Soft vests are popular among police officers, private individuals who are at risk of violence, security personnel, and bodyguards.  A ballistic vest contains strongly woven fibers intended to catch the bullet fired toward the user. It absorbs the impact of the shot, then brings it into a complete stop, which prevents it from entering the user's body. While it does stop the bullet's potentially fatal damage, the user may still experience a blunt force trauma. A Body Armor is usually used in tandem with ballistic vests and other protective gear, like combat helmet and eyewear.      TYPES OF BALLISTIC PLATES Bulletproof vests may have an upgrade by adding ballistic plates, which can be either metal (titanium or steel), polyethylene, or ceramic. These plates increase protection from all handgun and some rifle ammo. An upgraded bulletproof vest is a standard practice in the military, because a basic body armor vest may not provide one hundred percent protection from rifle fires. Additionally, it is a must with corrections officers and security personnel as ballistic plates give more protection against bladed and sharp objects used as weapons.      THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF BALLISTIC PLATES: SAPI AND ESAPI.     SAPI SAPI stands for Small Arms Protective Inserts. The plate consists of ceramic material that has an external durable composite coating. The SAPI comes in different sizes to fit all users. The most massive plate is approximately five and a half pounds, while the smallest plates are more or less three pounds.  SAPI is the official protective gear used by the United States of America military. Typically, a soldier should wear a SAPI in front and behind his or her basic vest, plus two additional plates on the sides. In this case, a single extra-large ballistic vest plus the other inserts could be as heavy as twenty-five pounds.      ESAPI ESAPI means Enhanced SAPI (Small Arms Protective Inserts), which consists of boron carbide, a form of ceramic. The boron carbide lets the ESAPI be more efficient at a lighter weight. Unlike the SAPI, an ESAPI is not readily available to civilians.  The ESAPI is lighter, which can weigh approximately 6.5 to 8 pounds. Although it can stop bullets from giving the user a fatal hit, its ceramic material is quite tricky to handle. While an ESAPI may not easily break, it should be used with care and not tossed, which somehow defeats the purpose of how a real battlefield works. These disadvantages are what makes the military choose SAPI over ESAPI.   BONUS: XSAPI  ESAPI is the enhanced version of SAPI. However, as the threat increased in 2008, manufacturers created the next generation's XSAPI. This body armor is to increase protection against the X-threat. With XSAPI, a scaler system is incorporated for added support. The FBI used XSAPI for the operations last May 2011.  Like ESAPI, XSAPI uses either boron carbide or silicon carbide. However, these plates do not have a military approval nor rating as it has not undergone testing yet.    CHOOSE TO BE SAFE, PICK THE BEST PLATES How you pick your ballistic plates is your own decision. Loaded with the right knowledge, you can make the best choice. Now, before doing a purchase, research on which plate will best suit your needs. Use the four questions below as a guide to having the right choice.   Do you have a real threat to face when using the ballistic plates?  What kind of threats will you encounter?  Will you be able to move properly with its weight while facing the threat? Is going cheap versus getting a reasonably priced ballistic plate going to compromise your safety during a real threat?   These are essential points to remember when buying your ballistic plates. If additional protection does not increase your safety from the threats that you face, then you are just wasting your money. Moreover, make sure to know the material, weight, and capability of the bulletproof plates that you are to purchase. Also, find out which Bulletproof Armor fits it best. The perfect fit will increase your mobility and comfort, which in return increases your chance of survival and safety. Remember to choose the most durable kind and the one that can withstand multiple hits. Also, consider products that underwent thorough testing. Pick plates that have passed and reached at least a Level III NIJ (National Institute of Justice) standards. Why? Because whether you choose SAPI, ESAPI, or even XSAPI, having the right one may mean your life or death. Do you want to learn more about how to choose the best body armor? Get in touch with YF PROTECTOR, your top bulletproof specialist.

  Trauma pads, called trauma plates or ballistic panels, are protective gear that provides additional protection to a person wearing a bulletproof vest. Considered as an add-on item, it is an insert that lessens the ballistic force of any projectile. It loweres the risk for ballistic and blunt force trauma, hence the name trauma pads. These inserts are mostly placed in the front, back, and side pockets of a bulletproof vest or carrier plate.       TRAUMA PADS: WHAT ARE THEY FOR? When a bullet reaches the bulletproof vest or the body armor, it still transfers energy to the wearer, even if it did not penetrate the vest. Trauma pads are made to absorb the force of the rounds and to increase the safety of the person wearing it. It is the body's protection against back face deformation injuries.   The transmission force is the product of the back face of the body armor or bulletproof vest on a ballistic impact. As per the NIJ (National Institute of Justice), before they can give a passing mark from their thorough testing, the trauma pad should be able to halt the projective from reaching the person. Also, its back-face deformation should be lower than 44 mm or about 1.7 inches deep. Can you even picture yourself with a 1.7-inch bullet showing in your body, but you are alive? If then, it means that the trauma pad is indeed useful.   The main goal of having a trauma pad is to lower the transmission force placed on the body on impact and to decrease the risk of injury. The trauma pad works in two ways. It absorbs the supposed deformation of the body. It distributes the energy to a broader area.      TYPES OF TRAUMA PADS Various trauma pads are readily available in the market. It is a must-have item for military officers and police enforcers as they provide added ballistic protection to its wearer. But, did you know that there are different types of trauma pads, too? Trauma pads have classifications based on shapes, sizes, and materials.   SHAPES AND SIZES The typical shape of trauma pads is a rectangle. However, there are also other options, such as hexagon, rounded rectangle, and SAPI (small arms protective inserts) cut, which have the same shape as a SAPI plate. If to wear under a bulletproof vest, the conventional size is 5 inches by 8 inches. Some variants come in 5 inches by 7 inches, 6 inches by 8 inches, and 6 inches by 9 inches size. The thickness is dependent on the material used but is usually lower than ¼ inch. But, if the wearer will use the trauma pad as outerwear, the size to choose should have a capacity of 10 inches by 12 inches.   If you are to pair the trauma pad with a military-grade ballistic vest, take note that a significant area of the garment already has a hard trauma plate-like insert. And because it is incorporated in the vest, it means that this insert is trauma pads or plates. A trauma pad is similar to a SAPI. For example, in a SAPI carrier, the external vest has aramid component where the wearer can load various ballistic inserts.    MATERIAL Here are the common types of trauma plates according to the material used. Metal: Metal trauma pads have components made of titanium or aluminum. This type is useful to decrease the risk of blunt force trauma to its wearer. But because it is resistant to deformation, a significant amount of energy is still sent through the plate. Ceramic: Ceramic plates, made of boron carbide, are popular with military use. They are lightweight and hard plates that allow them to absorb the impact of projectiles. Plastic: Plastic trauma plates that have polycarbonate materials give added compression to help disintegrate the force of the bullet impact.  Fabric: Fabric-made plates need layering to do the job. The common component used is polyethylene cloth. Fabric pads are otherwise called soft-trauma pads.   ARE TRAUMA PADS NECESSARY? Typically, old bulletproof vests need an add-on trauma pad. But, newer versions of military-grade ballistic vests and plate carriers, such as SAPI and ESAPI systems, do not as they are rigid enough to withstand the energy of incoming rounds.    While there is very minimal information as to the right application of a trauma pad, it was generally made to reinforce the protection of its wearer, which results in decreased risk of trauma. Soft trauma pad placement is commonly in the chest area of an armor package. Most designs aim to cover vital organs, including the heart and lungs.    Inserts for hard bulletproof body armor have soft pads from high-density materials, like Kevlar or polyethylene. These inserts are always situated on the back of the armor plate.    The question still lies as to whether trauma pads are necessary or not. Unfortunately, some bulletproof vests and carriers do not have provision for trauma plates. Also, to pass the NIJ standards, soft body armors need to be as it is without add-ons. In real-life threats such as mass shootings or war combats, bulletproof vest wearers survive even without the use of trauma pads. Some wearers attest that the risk of having fatal trauma lowers because of an added insert.    TRAUMA PADS: A GO OR NO? Placing an added trauma pad to reinforce the purpose of a bulletproof vest or body armor is optional. However, take note that it is best to invest in additional safety as you will never know what threat you have to face in the future. A trauma pad may be placed to you must-have items to ensure the security of your loved one. You can add it to your bulletproof vest and even to the bulletproof bag of your little one.  If you want to know your options, find out the best trauma plates at YF PROTECTOR. You might also want to check what are other bulletproof items you didn't know existed. Why? Remember that investing in things that will help to increase protection and safety will always be the right decision.

  The military, police officers, and other law enforcement personnel wear soft body armor when doing routine patrol and community monitoring. What if you have to go to actual combat, such as a shooting incident or street riot? These crucial scenarios are when hard Ballistic Plates come in. They are essential inserts in the front and back pocket of armor carriers, which can be the thing that will save you from harm or even death. But the question is: Are ballistic plates necessary? If yes, what type of ballistic plate should you have?   BALLISTIC PLATES: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW The number of scenarios where Ballistic Protection is a must increase in the US every day. Unfortunately, this need is not limited to the law enforcement officers, but now also extends to regular civilians in urban and rural areas across various States. As the need grows, here are some basic what-to-knows that will help you understand what ballistic plates are and how to choose the best.   BODY ARMOR VS. BALLISTIC PLATE Body armor is a Bulletproof gear that aims to protect the user's vital organs and not the whole body per se. It can either be a soft or hard armor. A soft armor has materials that are pliable and can be bent in various directions. Most soft body armor have NIJ (National Institute of Justice) levels II, IIA, and IIIA, which can repel handguns.  On the other hand, if you face a threat with powerful projectiles, protection with hard armor or ballistic plates is best. Most ballistic plates have compressed polyethylene or ceramic plus a steel sheet in front. However, various types are now available in the market, which gives users more options to choose from.   BALLISTIC PLATE MATERIALS As mentioned earlier, soft body armors have lower levels under the NIJ standards. On the contrary, ballistic or hard plates have type III and IV NIJ levels, stronger to halt rifle rounds.  A ballistic plate's ability to stop a bullet is mostly attributed to its materials. Two of the most common materials are ceramic and polyethylene.   CERAMIC PLATES Ceramic plates have ceramic tiles that can halt the projection of an incoming bullet. Various layers of backing materials, like Kevlar and steel, act as absorbing agents to support the ceramic and prevent accidental breakage. A typical material in making ceramic plates is Alumina oxide plate. If you want a lighter plate, choose one that is made of silicon carbide. However, please take note that it costs so much more than Alumina oxide. The top-tier material is boron carbide, a high-density material that is both lightweight and reliable, reaching up to level IV NIJ protection rating.  One of the downsides of a ceramic ballistic plate is what happens when a bullet hits it. It indeed stops a shot, but it's design dictates that the ceramic will break as the bullet lands on it. Its mechanism means that it can only take a limited number of rounds as the plate gets damaged and weakens every time a bullet hits it. Eventually, it will no longer be sufficient enough to protect the life of its wearer. Another concern for ceramic plates is its weight, which is based on the size of the plate. A standard ten by 12 inches plate is approximately 7.5 pounds. Therefore two plates (back and front) will have a total weight of 15 pounds. It means that other than the weight you carry for your Bulletproof Vest, you can have an added weight of 15 pounds if you have two add-on ceramic plates.     POLYETHYLENE PLATES Other than ceramic, another favorite among the military and law enforcement officers is polyethylene plates. Aside from being lightweight, it can resist more bullets than that of a ceramic plate. Polyethylene ballistic plates do not need backing materials, making it about 50% lighter than other material types. This material usually undergoes high-pressure treatment, which further improves its durability and lowers its weight. Moreover, polyethylene plates do not break after a bullet's impact. It is more flexible than a ceramic, making it a better option for combats and high-risk incidents, such as a school shooting. One consideration that a user must take note of is a polyethylene plate's price. It is costlier than a ceramic plate. Nevertheless, with its resilience and weight, you can worry less about your safety while wearing something that will keep you protected.    VARIOUS TYPES OF PLATE CUTS The Plate Cut and size affect the plate's weight and the coverage it gives to the user. There is a good variety of ballistic plates choices based on cuts and sizes available in the market. Here are four of the most common ballistic plate cuts. FULL CUT A full cut ballistic plate is either square or rectangular. It protects the whole back, hence its name. The downside of this cut is that it sometimes hinders some movements of the user. SHOOTER'S CUT A shooter's cut ballistic plate has a rectangle shape and distinct cut-off corners above to enable its user to move better and improve their agility. It is known as shooters cut because it is best for those who need to carry weapons or artillery on their shoulders. SWIMMER'S CUT A swimmer's cut is a modified shooter's cut plate. The difference is that more area of the upper portion of the plate is removed to allow more movement in the shoulders and upper back. SAPI SAPI means small arms protective inserts, which are preferred by the military. The inserts weigh from about 3 to 5 pounds depending on its size. Keep in mind that when choosing your plate cut, make sure to assess your needs. Analyze how much of your torso needs additional coverage and the amount of body movement that will allow you to move fast. FITTING IN THE ARMOR We know the difference between body armor and a ballistic plate, plus how to choose the best type of plate based on your needs. The question now is, how exactly should a ballistic plate fit you? Ballistic plates' design aims to protect its user's vital organs, the heart, and the lungs. It is not to protect the whole body or torso. To know which size will best fit you, get a measuring tape. Measure the height by placing the end of the measuring tape above your collarbone going down to your navel. Stop at about 2 to 3 inches on top of the navel. An undersized plate will not provide the necessary protection it aims to give, while an oversized one will add a burden to its user. BALLISTIC PLATES: YOUR ADDED PROTECTION AGAINST BLUNT FORCE TRAUMA A blunt force trauma is a type of endangerment to your vital organs by a blunt object like a bullet. Body armor and bulletproof vest are best to prevent this kind of trauma, but having an added protection, such as placing a ballistic plate, could be the thing that will save you from injury or death. Choose the best various bulletproof plate now at YF PROTECTOR. Remember, a little more investment for your safety will always be worth you every penny.

When you work in a high-risk environment, having the appropriate body armor between your torso make all the difference in how you fare during an altercation.     There are different types of bulletproof vests offering protection from a range of weapons and ammunition. Some vests are designed with concealability in mind, while others are not.  A good rule of thumb is that the higher the level of protection offered by a piece of body armor, the less concealable it will be. However, concealable vests, although weaker in protection, make up for this in terms of better wearability and discretion, both crucial factors for wearers in certain law enforcement fields. Aggressors in firearm incidents tend to aim for the largest target possible—the torso. If body armor is at all visible around this vital area, an attacker may instead choose to aim for an unprotected area such as the head. Because a concealable bulletproof vest is one of the most important purchases you'll ever make, it's crucial to know exactly what to look for when examining all the options. When choosing concealable body armor, key factors are protection level, weight, mobility, and comfort. For full protection, the vest must cover all sides of the wearer and fit properly. Bulletproof vests are concealable up to Level IIIA, which protects from up to a .44 MAG (but not knife attack).       In this article, we’ll look in more detail at how to choose the best type of concealable body armor for whatever threat you’re most likely to encounter. Since fit and sizing also play key roles in protective gear's effectiveness, these topics will also be covered. The aim is for you to find equipment that perfectly suits your needs and ensures optimum confidence, protection, and comfort on the job, so we'll end by taking a look at some of YF PROTECTOR top bulletproof threat vests.   ABOUT BODY ARMOR Body armor is a vest-like garment intended to protect the wearer's torso area from ballistic impact (bullets) or blades. Body armor can be either concealable and worn beneath clothing (covert) or tactical and worn over clothing (overt). Body armor consists of a protective panel that contains many layers of ballistic or stab resistant materials, and a fabric carrier into which the protective panel is inserted. Some concealable body armor comes with special pouches in the front and sometimes rear that can hold extra armor panels known as trauma packs. These armor panels provide extra protection against ballistic threats. They can be either hard or soft.   WHAT MAKES BODY ARMOR SO STRONG? In general, body armor provides protection by way of a web-like system of extremely strong fibers working together across the entire garment to absorb and disperse the energy from a ballistic impact. The principle behind stab resistant body armor is essentially the same as that for bullet resistant armor: with stab resistant vests, multiple layers of material composed of very strong fibers deflect the threat or spread the force of the impact across a larger area of the vest by “stretching.”   WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A BULLET RESISTANT AND STAB RESISTANT VEST? The key difference between a ballistic resistant vest and a stab resistant vest is that the latter is made of extremely tightly woven fabric or laminated layers spaced very close together. This is to counter the fact that pointed weapons like knives or ice picks create very high initial contact forces different from those of bullets. It is important to understand that a vest which is bulletproof but not stab resistant does not protect the wearer against weapons such as knives. However, vests which offer ballistic protection also provide some protection in incidents involving blunt trauma and abrasion. In fact, a number of police officers have survived vehicular accidents or physical assaults that would otherwise have claimed their lives if it weren’t for the blunt force resistance of their bulletproof body armor.     CHOOSING CONCEALABLE ARMOR The first factor to consider when you are choosing concealable armor is the level of protection you need. This means knowing what kind of weapon you are most likely to encounter in a threat. Bulletproof Vest NIJ Level Armor Types Armor Type I: .22 LR; .380 ACP; light; minimum protection for on-duty police officers; not commonly used currently in favor of higher protection. Type IIA: Type I threats + 9mm; .40 S&W; heavier than Type 1 but suitable for full-time use. Type II: Type I and II A threats + 9mm; .357 Magnum; heavier and bulkier than Types 1 and II A but suitable for full-time use. Type IIIA: Type I-II threats + most handguns + High Velocity 9mm; .44 Magnum; Highest level of concealable protection. Suitable for routine wear generally. May need evaluation for hot, humid climates. Type III: Type I-III A threats + 7.62mm (FMJ) rifles  (U.S. military designation M80); Suitable only for tactical situations requiring high protection level. Type IV: Type I-III threats (single shot) + .30 caliber (AP) rifles; Highest protection possible; often ceramic material. Suitable only for tactical situations requiring high protection level. NIJ=National Institute of Justice; LR= long rifle; ACP=Automatic Colt Pistol; S&W= Smith and Wesson; FMJ=Full Metal Jacket; AP=Armor Piercing        Soft vs. Hard Ballistic vests are either soft or hard. Soft vests provide NIJ level II to IIIA protection. These vests are typically used by law enforcement officers and security personnel requiring protection against a shotgun or handgun. Common materials include Kevlar, Twaron, and Spectra. Hard armor vests use NIJ level armor types III and IV and are mostly used by military and SWAT teams. They are much heavier and bulkier than soft vests because they utilize ceramics, steel, or metal to protect against shotgun slugs or rifles.   CAN A BULLETPROOF VEST STOP AN AK 47? The short answer to this is no—at least, not covert vests (concealable vests). Soft body vests with armor type IIIA and below would not protect against the 7.62 mm FMJ steel round from an AK-47. Protection against the AK-47 would require NIJ level III or IV hard armor since these are the levels designed to protect against a rifle.       STAB-PROOF VESTS—CLASSIFICATIONS   For people more likely to face the threat of a sharp weapon than a gun, a stab resistant vest is the right choice. There are two classes for stab resistant vests: "Edged Blade" Class: protect against engineered, high-quality blades, e.g. kitchen knives, sporting good knives: “street” threats. Typical wearers are civilians, police officers, and security personnel. "Spike" Class: Protect against improvised weapons, lower-quality materials sharpened on rough surfaces like concrete: “correctional facility” threats. Typical wearers are correctional officers. There are three stab proof levels for stab resistant vests. Level 1: able to be concealed beneath clothing and thus suitable for covert vests. Level 2 and 3: bulkier, utilizing armor plates comparable to types III and IV and thus are predominantly used as overt vests. Level 3 is used in the highest risk areas for stab attacks, such as prisons.   WEIGHT, MOBILITY, AND COMFORT If you've never put on a piece of body armor or worn one for long periods of time, you might not realize how important comfort and mobility are when choosing a bullet resistant or stab resistant vest. A vest that doesn't fit or is too heavy and hot for the climate can be incredibly uncomfortable, and no matter the protection level of your body armor, it provides zero help if it's been taken off and put in the backseat because it's too unpleasant to wear or too heavy to use on a full-time basis. Furthermore, an ill-fitting vest may not provide adequate coverage and protection. Obviously this is true of a vest which is too small for the wearer, but the reverse is also true: a vest which is larger than the torso of the wearer is equally not advisable.       HOW SHOULD BODY ARMOR FIT? COVERAGE First is the question of coverage. There are bulletproof vests on the market that cover only the front torso, but fatality statistics for law enforcement officers show that a vest needs to cover the wearer's front, back, and sides in order to provide optimal ballistic protection during a firearm incident. We really never know for sure what direction a threat will come from, so it's best to be prepared.     FRONT PANEL FIT In terms of length, the front panel must not be too long, or else it runs the risk of pushing into the wearer’s throat when he or she sits down. To avoid this, space should be left around the top and bottom edge of the ballistic panel. When in a standing position, the panel should reach no higher than the second button of the uniform shirt, and there should be 2 to 2.5 inches from the panel bottom to the top edge of the gun belt.     BACK PANEL FIT When assessing the fit of the back panel, the aim is to ensure the body armor does not shift up when the wearer rises from a seated position. To achieve this, the back panel's bottom edge should be ¼ to ¾ an inch from the gun belt’s top edge when standing in a natural manner. The top of the back panel should come up to no more than 4 inches from the seam of the uniform’s shirt collar.     SIDE PANEL FIT The front panel of a vest should have enough width to overlap the back panel by 2 inches for increased protection. Meanwhile, it is also important that the sides are high enough to provide protection to the armpit areas, but not so high that the panels chafe and rub the area during arm movement.   HOW TO MEASURE FOR SIZE Measure: Shoulder to shoulder Across the front chest Across the front waist Torso height Once these measurements have been taken, they can be compared to the manufacturer's vest sizing chart.      WEIGHT LOSS OR GAIN Due to the importance of only wearing properly fitting body armor, if you've recently lost or gained enough weight that your body’s proportions have altered, you should re-evaluate the fit of your ballistic vest using the criteria above. New body armor may need to be obtained if the armor you are using does not adhere to the measurement suggestions. While this may seem an inconvenience, it is again crucial to remember that properly fitting concealable body armor can make a difference between life and death.   FEMALE BODY ARMOR FIT Body armor for female wearers should conform to the distinct features of the female anatomy. Different manufacturers have different methods for accomplishing this. Some make unisex vests in a wide range of sizes with outside dimensions that can be altered to fit the female bust area, like enlarged arm holes. Most producers of female body armor have methods to cut and stitch the upper torso to create bust cups. When testing female models of armor, the seam resulting from this stitching method is the weakest point on the vest, so test shots are directed there to ensure the armor is effective. As with all body armor, it is key that there is a minimum 1-inch overlap of joined pieces and that the armor is not too long. Length is often an issue for female wearers, particularly if attempting to adjust a male vest to a female form.  This means it is especially important for female wearers to try on different models of armor to find the right fit.     CARING FOR CONCEALABLE BODY ARMOR An instruction label can be found on every model of NIJ standard compliant body armor, and the best thing to do to maintain a ballistic vest is to follow the cleaning instructions found on this label for each component of the equipment. There are some generalized tips, though: PROTECTIVE PANELS OR INSERTS Hand wash in cold water with sponge or soft cloth. Use mild home laundry detergent. Avoid submerging in water. Never use bleach. Never machine wash or machine dry. Avoid hanging to dry. Avoid direct sun exposure. Dry-cleaning is not recommended.   REMOVABLE CARRIER  Can be washed in machine on gentle cycle and machine dried if manufacturer label advises.   HOW MUCH SHOULD YOU PAY FOR BODY ARMOR? Sometimes it's good to be frugal and put cost first, but when choosing body armor, it's best to consider your comfort and individual needs above all else. A bulletproof vest is one of the few purchases you'll ever make that can actually save your life, and no one who ever walked away from a ballistic impact wishes they'd spent less money on the body armor that saved them. The cost of bullet resistant armor is determined by several factors. More concealable vests cost more because more effort goes into making them as discrete yet effective as possible. If you're someone who needs covert protection, there's no good excuse to opt for a cheap vest that shows through your clothes. Similarly, lighter and more comfortable vests generally cost more than heavy, cumbersome vests. Someone who is going to be wearing their body armor for an entire shift doesn't want discomfort to get in the way of doing the job. Finally, the level of protection also impacts the cost: the higher the NIJ level of the armor, the higher the price. Again, nothing good comes of choosing a vest that can't protect against the type of threat you're most likely to come up against. YF PROTECTOR is source manufacture of bullet proof vest, always high quality products with affordable price.     WHAT IS THE BEST CONCEALABLE BODY ARMOR? No matter your needs or budget, YF PROTECTOR's collection has the body armor for you. Click the bulletproof best, the best vests on the market for the best prices so that choosing the right covert protection is easy .  FINAL THOUGHTS Concealable body armor is one of the most important purchases you’re ever going to make. Consider whether you’d be best served by a ballistic vest, a stab resistant vest, or a multi threat vest. To choose the right size, stand naturally and have an assistant take your measurements so that the proper amount of space and overlap is present when wearing the body armor, and the equipment is comfortable and allows mobility. Always follow the manufacturer's directions when cleaning all components of body armor to maintain effectiveness.